A thumbnail is a smaller version of an image. We use thumbnail to save download size & time for visitors. When a visitor visit a page with thumbnails, he can click on a thumbnail to see a larger version of the image. Thumbnails usually seen in any image gallery sites, online shopping, and many more
Image rotation in PHP is handled by a function called imagerotate(), which takes three parameters (and optionally a fourth, which deals with transparency and is beyond the scope of this guide). The first is the resource identifier which you obtain when you load the original image within your script, the second is the angle which you want to rotate the image and the third parameter is used when the image isn't going to be rectangular, and specifies the colour with which to fill the uncovered areas of the rotated image to make it into a rectangle (since all image formats require rectangular images).
This is a sample script that allows you to add image verification to your HTML forms. It includes a sample implementation, PHP code check and extras (Font+Background).
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